3D printing definitions: M – R

N

Nozzle – the metal tip of a 3D printer’s hotend through which melted filament is extruded to form each layer of a print. Its diameter influences detail level and extrusion flow.

O

Overhang – a section of a model that extends outward without direct support underneath. Overhangs exceeding a certain angle (typically 45°) may require support structures to print successfully.

P

Part consolidation – the design and production strategy of combining multiple components into a single 3D printed part, reducing assembly steps, weight, and potential points of failure.

Post-processing – the set of finishing steps performed after a 3D print is completed — such as sanding, vapor smoothing, dyeing, or curing — to improve appearance, surface quality, or mechanical properties. Learn more about post-processing.

Powder refresh ratio – the proportion of new powder mixed with recycled powder for the next print job in powder-based technologies like SLS. A lower refresh ratio means more reused material, but may affect print quality if not properly managed.

Print orientation optimization – the process of adjusting the position and angle of a 3D model on the build platform to improve print quality, strength, support usage, and overall efficiency.

Print resolution – the level of detail a 3D printer can achieve, typically measured in layer height (vertical resolution) and XY precision (horizontal resolution). Higher resolution means finer detail but longer print times.

Print speed – the rate at which a 3D printer moves while extruding material, typically measured in millimeters per second (mm/s). It affects print time, surface quality, and part accuracy.

R

Raft – a thick, lattice-like platform printed underneath the model to help with leveling and adhesion, especially on uneven or uncalibrated beds.

Retraction – a printing setting that pulls filament back into the nozzle during non-print moves to prevent oozing and stringing between parts of a model.

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3D printing definitions: G – L

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Magnifying glass over a 3D cube. Illustrates various types of 3D printing technologies and how they differ.

3D printing technologies

Icon showing material containers. Refers to types of filaments and powders used in additive manufacturing.

Materials for 3D printing

Gears and conveyor icon. Represents the end-to-end workflow of the 3D printing process from file to part.

3D printing process