3D printing definitions: M – R
N
Nozzle – the metal tip of a 3D printer’s hotend through which melted filament is extruded to form each layer of a print. Its diameter influences detail level and extrusion flow.
O
Overhang – a section of a model that extends outward without direct support underneath. Overhangs exceeding a certain angle (typically 45°) may require support structures to print successfully.
P
Part consolidation – the design and production strategy of combining multiple components into a single 3D printed part, reducing assembly steps, weight, and potential points of failure.
Post-processing – the set of finishing steps performed after a 3D print is completed — such as sanding, vapor smoothing, dyeing, or curing — to improve appearance, surface quality, or mechanical properties. Learn more about post-processing.
Powder refresh ratio – the proportion of new powder mixed with recycled powder for the next print job in powder-based technologies like SLS. A lower refresh ratio means more reused material, but may affect print quality if not properly managed.
Print orientation optimization – the process of adjusting the position and angle of a 3D model on the build platform to improve print quality, strength, support usage, and overall efficiency.
Print resolution – the level of detail a 3D printer can achieve, typically measured in layer height (vertical resolution) and XY precision (horizontal resolution). Higher resolution means finer detail but longer print times.
Print speed – the rate at which a 3D printer moves while extruding material, typically measured in millimeters per second (mm/s). It affects print time, surface quality, and part accuracy.
R
Raft – a thick, lattice-like platform printed underneath the model to help with leveling and adhesion, especially on uneven or uncalibrated beds.
Retraction – a printing setting that pulls filament back into the nozzle during non-print moves to prevent oozing and stringing between parts of a model.
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